By: Arndt Schübel, Product Marketing Engineer, Analog & Mixed-Signal Group (AMG), onsemi
作者：Arndt Schübel产品营销工程师，模拟与混合信号事业部 (AMG) ，安森美
Introduction
简介
Today’s factories are increasingly deploying intelligent technologies, with devices such as machine tools, robots, actuators and sensors all generating, transmitting, and receiving data.
如今的工厂正在越来越多地采用智能技术，诸如机床、机器人、执行器和传感器等设备都能生成、传输和接收数据。
To enable all these separate devices to communicate reliably, factories need to employ robust protocols. In the past, communication has relied on a fragmented mix of networking protocols, including HART, RS-485, Modbus, DeviceNet, Profibus, and CAN. This fragmentation means that expensive gateways are required to link different standards, and maintenance becomes difficult and costly.
为了使所有这些独立的设备能够可靠地通信，工厂需要采用安全可靠的协议。在过去，通信依赖于包括HART、RS-485、Modbus、DeviceNet、Profibus和CAN在内的多种网络协议的混合使用。这种碎片化意味着需要昂贵的网关来连接不同的标准，而且维护变得既困难又昂贵。
Instead, Ethernet networking is fast becoming the backbone of choice on the factory floor. In this article, we’ll explore why 10BASE-T1S, a single-pair Ethernet standard, is the preferred communication protocol to replace legacy Ethernet and hard-wired solutions for industrial automation.
取而代之的是，以太网网络正在迅速成为工厂车间的首选骨干网络。在本文中，我们将探讨为什么10BASE-T1S，作为一种单对以太网标准，成为了替代传统以太网和硬连线解决方案用于工业自动化的首选通信协议。
Understanding 10BASE-T1S and Its Advantages
了解 10BASE-T1S 及其优势
Defined by IEEE specification 802.3cg, 10BASE-T1S is a multi-drop, collision-free, Ethernet standard. It runs on unshielded, twisted, single-pair Ethernet (SPE) cable, and as the name suggests, it provides a data rate of 10 Mb/s, which makes it much faster than many legacy factory networks.
10BASE-T1S 由 IEEE 规范 802.3cg 定义，是一种多点、无冲突的以太网标准。它在非屏蔽、双绞线、单对以太网（SPE）线缆上运行，顾名思义，它的数据传输速率为 10 Mb/s，比许多传统的工厂网络快得多。
10BASE-T1S can be used either in a point-to-point (P2P) configuration or in a multi-drop topology – which is a key advantage over legacy Ethernet standards, which require P2P connections.
10BASE-T1S 既可以在点对点 (P2P) 配置中使用，也可以在多点拓扑结构中使用，这是与需要 P2P 连接的传统以太网标准相比的主要优势。
A multi-drop configuration means there is no need for every link between two devices in the network to have its own dedicated point-to-point connection. This reduces cabling complexity, cost and weight, and enables 10BASE-T1S to offer robust data transmission tailored to the demands of industrial applications.
多点配置意味着网络中两台设备之间的每条链路都不需要有自己专用的点对点连接。这降低了布线的复杂性、成本和重量，使 10BASE-T1S 能够提供符合工业应用需求的安全可靠的数据传输。
Figure 1 shows a multi-drop topology for10BASE-T1S system, supporting a minimum of eight nodes. The nodes may be attached in−line with the mixing segment, or at the end of stubs with a recommended maximum length of up to 10 cm.
图 1 显示了 10BASE-T1S 系统的多点拓扑结构，支持至少八个节点。节点可以在混合网段（Mixing Segment）上串联连接，或者位于推荐最大长度不超过10厘米的分支末端。
Figure 1: 10Base−T1S Multidrop, Mixing Segment Topology
图 1：10Base-T1S 多点传输、混合网段拓扑结构
For smart factories, adopting 10BASE-T1S improves interoperability and seamless integration with existing systems, making it easier to deploy. Compared to point-to-point Ethernet networks, it offers reduced power consumption, due to multiple technical features, such as the capability of shutting down the PHY’s transmitter when not sending traffic.
对于智能工厂而言，采用 10BASE-T1S 可提高互操作性，实现与现有系统的无缝集成，使其更易于部署。与点对点以太网网络相比，由于具备在不发送数据时关闭PHY（物理层）发射器等多重技术特性，10BASE-T1S能够降低功耗。
While the IEEE 802.3cg specification does not define power over data lines (PoDL) for multi drop segments, it is possible to transport DC power along with the Ethernet data over the same cable. This “Engineered PoDL” is a system that provides power over data lines for a multi-drop 10BASE-T1S segment without any kind of negotiation protocol. While 10BASE-T1S multi-drop “Engineered PoDL” is ready to use today, the IEEE802.3da standard will officially formalize PoDL 10BASE-T1S multi-drop and is expected to be ratified by late 2024 or Q1 2025.
虽然 IEEE 802.3cg 规范未定义多点网段的数据线供电（PoDL），但可以通过同一根电缆传输直流电和以太网数据。这种 “工程 PoDL ”是一种无需任何协商协议即可为多点 10BASE-T1S 网段提供数据线供电的系统。 10BASE-T1S 多点 “工程 PoDL ”目前已经可以使用，IEEE802.3da标准即将正式确定10BASE-T1S多点PoDL，并预计将在2024年底或2025年第一季度获得批准。
Connectivity for Factory 5.0
工业 5.0 的连接性
The number of sensors, actuators, and other connected devices in factories has already increased greatly and is forecast to rise to more than 200 million by 2030 (up from 81.7 million in 2020)[1]. While some of these devices will connect wirelessly, there will be a massive demand for the robustness of wired networks, particularly as artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly deployed in smart factory edge devices.
工厂中的传感器、执行器和其他联网设备的数量已经大幅增加，预计到 2030 年将超过 2 亿台（2020 年为 8170 万台）。虽然其中一些设备将采用无线连接，但对有线网络的强健性仍有大量需求，特别是随着人工智能（AI）越来越多地应用于智能工厂边缘设备。
As mentioned, the arrival of 10BASE-T1S Ethernet is fast replacing legacy fieldbus technologies in smart factories to provide reliable wired communications, and particularly for Factory 4.0. By seamlessly integrating diverse systems onto a single, unified network, 10BASE-T1S eliminates the need for cumbersome gateways.
如前所述，10BASE-T1S 以太网的出现正在快速取代智能工厂中的传统现场总线技术，为工业 4.0 提供可靠的有线通信。10BASE-T1S 可将各种系统无缝集成到一个统一的网络中，从而无需使用笨重的网关。
The reduced cabling requirements of 10BASE-T1S contribute to a lighter and more agile network, as well as reducing costs. Looking beyond Factory 4.0, 10BASE-T1S will be one of the wired connectivity standards of the future in industrial automation, establishing a foundation for Factory 5.0.
10BASE-T1S 的布线要求降低，有助于实现更轻便、更灵活的网络，同时还能降低成本。展望工业 4.0，10BASE-T1S 将成为工业自动化领域未来的有线连接标准之一，为工业 5.0 奠定基础。
In one example, an onsemi customer has used 10BASE-T1S for their smart factory network. This dramatically reduced the wiring complexity, and the deployment time needed, due to the shift from electro-mechanical devices to networked electronic versions. Compared to P2P non-Ethernet networks, the multi-drop topology of 10BASE-T1S was a significant factor in being able to achieve this reduction.
在一个例子中，安森美（onsemi）的一位客户在其智能工厂中从机电设备转向联网的电子版本，由于采用了10BASE-T1S技术，极大地降低了布线的复杂性，并减少了所需的部署时间。与点对点（P2P）非以太网网络相比，10BASE-T1S的多点拓扑结构是实现这一简化的重要因素。
With less wiring required, a 10BASE-T1S system like this can reduce the needed cabinet space and save valuable floor space. Repairs are also easier since there is no need to identify, add or remove discrete wires.
10BASE-T1S 系统所需的布线更少，因此可以减少所需的机柜空间，节省宝贵的地面空间。由于不需要识别、添加或移除分散的电线，因此维修也更容易。
onsemi's Contribution to 10BASE-T1S Technology
安森美助力 10BASE-T1S 技术
onsemi's family of 10BASE-T1S Ethernet controllers provides reliability and performance for multi-point networks in demanding industrial environments.
安森美10BASE-T1S 以太网控制器系列凭借可靠性和优异性能满足了苛刻工业环境中的多点网络需求。
The NCN26010 is an Ethernet transceiver compliant with the IEEE 802.3cg standard. It includes a media access controller (MAC), a physical layer collision avoidance (PLCA) Reconciliation Sublayer (RS) and a 10BASE−T1S PHY designed for industrial multi−drop Ethernet. It provides all physical layer functions needed to transmit and receive data over a single unshielded twisted pair.
NCN26010 是一款符合 IEEE 802.3cg 标准的以太网收发器。它包括一个媒体接入控制器（MAC）、一个物理层冲突避免（PLCA）调节子层（RS）和一个专为工业多点以太网设计的 10BASE-T1S 物理层（PHY）。它提供通过单根非屏蔽双绞线收发数据所需的所有物理层功能。
The NCN26000 also provides the physical layer functions needed to transmit and receive data over a single unshielded twisted pair and communicates to existing half−duplex 10 Mb/s-capable Ethernet MAC controllers via a standard media-independent interface (MII). This means that it supports usage with existing infrastructure and more complex devices (FPGA or SoC-based), which enables 10BASE-T1S devices together with low to medium-complex FPGAs.
NCN26000还提供通过单根非屏蔽双绞线收发数据所需的物理层功能，并通过标准的媒体独立接口（MII）与现有的半双工10 Mb/s以太网MAC控制器通信。这意味着它支持与现有基础设施和更复杂的设备（基于 FPGA 或 SoC）一起使用，从而使 10BASE-T1S 设备与中低复杂度的 FPGA 协同工作。
The NCN26010 and NCN26000 contribute up to a 71% reduction in physical wiring while increasing bandwidth. They enable wiring time to be dramatically reduced compared to traditional hardwired solutions and provide enhanced data reporting capabilities and overall efficiency improvements. Their compact form factor allows for flexible installation options within enclosures and optimizes space utilization.
NCN26010和NCN26000最多可减少71%的物理布线，同时增加带宽。与传统的硬连线解决方案相比，它们能够显著减少布线时间，并提供增强的数据报告能力和整体效率的提升。它们紧凑的外形尺寸允许在机箱内灵活安装，优化了空间利用。
Overall, these devices enhance the reliability, scalability, and versatility of industrial networks. The flexibility and scalability of the 10BASE-T1S controller architecture are highlighted with the two options shown in Figure 2.
总体而言，这些器件提高了工业网络的可靠性、可扩展性和多功能性。图 2 所示的两个选项凸显了 10BASE-T1S 控制器架构的灵活性和可扩展性。
Figure 2: Three 10BASE-T1S Controllers, MAC+PHY and PHY only
图 2：三个 10BASE-T1S 控制器，MAC+PHY 和仅 PHY
The NCN26010 with MAC, PHY, and PLCA only requires a 5-pin SPI to a companion MCU. While the IEEE 802.3cg specification only mandates supporting up to 8 nodes and 25 meters in range, lab experiments have proven that onsemi’s controllers can support over double this requirement. Using onsemi’s proprietary Enhanced Noise Immunity (ENI) feature, the NCN26010 can reach up to 50 meters with 16 nodes or up to 60 meters with six nodes. With careful selection of cables and connectors, even longer distances and/or more nodes are feasible.
带有 MAC、PHY 和 PLCA 的 NCN26010 只需要一个 5 引脚 SPI 连接到配套的 MCU。虽然 IEEE 802.3cg 规范只规定支持多达 8 个节点和 25 米的范围，但实验室实验证明 安森美的控制器可以支持超过这一要求两倍的范围。通过使用安森美专有的增强抗噪（ENI）功能，NCN26010 在支持 16 个节点的情况下，传输距离可达 50 米；在支持 6 个节点的情况下，传输距离可达 60 米。通过精心选择线缆和连接器，可以实现更长的距离和/或更多的节点。
Conclusion
结语
In today’s smart factories, 10BASE-T1S is redefining connectivity by providing a robust, efficient networking standard that can replace fragmented legacy networks.
在当今的智能工厂中，10BASE-T1S 提供了一个强健、高效的网络标准，可以取代分散的传统网络，从而重新定义了连接性。
With onsemi's advanced technology, realized in its NCN26010 MAC/PHY and NCN26000 PHY devices, the connectivity needs of Factory 4.0 are easily supported, and a roadmap is established to Factory 5.0 and beyond. 在安森美 NCN26010 MAC/PHY 和 NCN26000 PHY 器件中实现的先进技术，可以轻松支持工业 4.0 的连接需求，并确立了一条向工业 5.0 及未来的工业发展迈进的路线图。
[1] https://globalgig.com/blog/why-wireless-networking-holds-the-key-to-smart-manufacturing-success
